![]() Next, it examines the idea of competition itself, and some of the ways in which theories of religious economies and competition have been developed in other contexts by Rodney Stark and others, some of whose ideas have been applied to ancient Roman religion. ![]() It suggests that co-operation, not competition was the key dynamic between them. It examines the local influences on the development of these sanctuaries, their representations in mythological accounts of their origins and the ways in which scholars have interpreted these accounts. First, it looks at the material and literary evidence for competition between oracles, in particular Delphi and Dodona, during the archaic period. This paper sets out to investigate and challenge the claims of competition between oracular sanctuaries, and suggests an alternative way to think about the divinatory ‘market’. This artifact had not only a religious, but also a historical and educational function, being an article that bounds up the Thebans with their heroic past. Archaeological parallels and the words “φαενὰν ίδα” from an inscription found at Thebes suggest that it was a round shield. The authors propose a version according to which Herodotus, describing the Croesus’ gifts in Thebes, uses the word “σάκος”, thereby emphasizing the uncommonness of the golden shield, its heroic antiquity and the reliability of the Amphiaraus’ shield. New data on the dating of some artefacts let assume that a number of shields, the production technology of which goes back to the Late Bronze Age or made later (in the Geometric or Archaic Periods) may have been displayed in sanctuaries under the influence of the artifacts from the Late Bronze Age. ![]() Presented is an attempt at interpreting the names “σάκος” (sakos) and “ἀσπίς” (aspis), by which ancient authors called the Greek shields in the Archaic and Classical Periods. Journal website with our article: The article is devoted to the study of archaeological evidences and literary tradition regarding ancient Greek shields as metal artifacts or as the artifacts made by the use of metal.
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